Komunizmus mal mnoho obetí na životoch a ešte viac obetí teroru. Jednou z týchto obetí bol aj brat mojej babky Emil, ktorého spolu s ďalšími vrstovníkmi, vybral režim boľševika za nepriateľa. Stal sa obeťou takzvaných Bielych Légií, ktoré sa vzopreli komunistickej moci. Vytváranie triednych nepriateľov v tej dobe išlo presne podľa protokolov.
Začala sa napĺňať Gottwaldova hrozba z r. 1929, keď v poslaneckej snemovni NZ ČSR povedal: „Hovoríte, že porušujeme zákony. My porušujeme a budeme porušovať zákony! Sme stranou československého proletariátu. Naším najvyšším revolučným štátom je naozaj Moskva a my sa do Moskvy chodíme od ruských boľševikov učiť, ako vám vykrútiť krk. A vy viete, že ruskí boľševici sú v tom majstri.“
Emilov pribeh :
Chlapci naložili do batohov niekoľko nefunkčných granátov a pokazených zbraní, z ktorých ani nevedeli strieľať, lebo sa to nikdy neučili. Pribalili letáky, aby ich mohli cestou porozdávať po dedinách. Nestihli rozdať ani jeden. Boli zatknutí v nedeľu 5. novembra 1950 v horárni pred Levočou. Horár zlákal Luciana Neupauera do horárne pod prísľubom ohriatia čaju. Nenápadne zavolal žandárov z Levoče. Alojz Lenkavský a Emil Labus sa rozhodli vrátiť do Spišskej Belej a vystríhať ostatných pred možným zatknutím. Počítali s tým, že Lucian Neupauer o mnohých veciach nevedel, lebo nežil vtedy v Spišskej Belej, a teda ich ani nemohol prezradiť. Zvyšok skupiny bol zatknutý ešte v ten istý deň 5. novembra 1950.
Odviezli ich do vyšetrovacej väzby do Košíc. Všetci boli neľudsky bití a mučení a tak od nich vymohli priznania o protištátnom sprisahaní. Začiatkom decembra ich previezli do Justičného paláca v Bratislave. Pred súdom ich stálo 17, z toho dve dievčatá. Najstaršie z odsúdených (Vilma Drozdová a Lenka Rennerová) mali 23 rokov, najmladší 17 rokov a desať mesiacov. Súdne konanie sa uskutočnilo 11. – 12. júna 1951. Sudkyňa JUDr. Trattnerová ich odsúdila spolu na 122 rokov a mesiac žalára, 115 000 Kčs pokút, 85 rokov straty občianskych práv a u jedenástich aj na prepadnutie celého majetku. Žalobca – štátny prokurátor sa odvolal na nízkosť trestov a u štyroch – Jakubjaka, Lenkavského, Neupauera a Drozda – žiadal trest smrti. 22. februára 1952 najvyšší súd v Prahe navrhnuté tresty smrti zamietol, ale u Poruboviča trest zvýšil zo 4 na 15 rokov .
Autenticka spomienka Emila :
„Po zatknutí 5. novembra 1950 príslušníkmi Štátnej bezpečnosti (ďalej ŠtB) z Košíc nás odviezli do Levoče. V pondelok nás odviezli do Košíc a tam nás vyšetrovali za velezradu. Vyšetrovanie je ťažko popísať. Boli traja aj štyria vyšetrovatelia a takto nedokáže zaobchádzať človek ani so zvieraťom. Potom nás previezli do Bratislavy na Štátny súd, ktorý sa konal 12. júna 1951. Prečítali nám obžalobu, v ktorej prokurátor dával návrh na tresty smrti pre Bohumila Jakubjaka, Luciana Neupauera, Alojza Lenkavského a Petra Drozda. Predsedníčka súdu trvala na treste smrti a nebyť znalca zbraní, ktorý bol prísediaci a žiadal si o slovo. Medziiným povedal: „Ľudia, čo to robíte, veď sú to ešte deti a zbrane boli po technickom preskúšaní nefunkčné.“ Bol to jediný človek, ktorý sa nás zastal. Po vynesení rozsudkov nás previezli do Leopoldova. V cele nás bolo aj 20 väzňov, WC v rohu, neznesiteľný vzduch. Po dvoch týždňoch nás expedovali na Jáchymov v obyčajných vagónoch, ako nejaké zvieratá. Po troch dňoch sme prišli na láger Bratrství. Pridelili nám čísla a rozdelili nás po lágroch. Dali nás spolu na láger Barbora. Najčastejšie slovo, ktoré sme počúvali, bolo behom, behom. Robila sa cesta zo šachty pre baraky, kde bývali príslušníci SNB. Tak po rannej šichte v bani sme museli nosiť kamene z háld od šachty na cestu pod dohľadom aj psov vlčiakov, ktorých mali niektorí „esenbáci“. S výkrikmi „behom, behom“ nám určovali kameň, ktorý máme zdvihnúť a tak s ním utekať a s tým vlčiakom nás poháňal. Obed, po ktorom bol človek hladnejší ako pred ním. Každý deň 15 Dkg chleba a čierna káva, to sa nedalo. Boli sme vysilení a starší ľudia aj odpadávali a tí nie ľudia ich nútili, aby ten kameň zobrali a s ním utekali. Lucian Neupauer robil zámočníka na povrchu. Opravoval vzduchové vŕtačky a bagre a tak mal prístup ku kľúčom. Blízko drôtov bola šopa, ktorá slúžila ako sklad na oleje. Tak vznikla myšlienka na útek, lebo hranice východného Nemecka boli blízko. Z toho skladu sme sa chceli prekopať popod drôty do lesa. Počas nočnej smeny sme začali kopať. Bol medzi nami zradca – bonzák a ten to vyzradil. Len nevedel, kto a kedy bol kopať. Vyzradil tak Neupauera, Lenkavského a Nemečka. Tí iných nevyzradili. Najviac si to odniesol Nemeček. Mňa preložili v máji na Rovnost. Pre tvrdosť tamojšieho veliteľa, ktorý sa volal Dvořák, sa tam väzni tiež chceli prekopať na povrch. Ozbrojení žandári sfárali do bane a väzňov donútili, aby sa vzdali. Jedného väzňa aj zastrelili. Bol ďalší dôvod na represálie. Do každého baraka sa dali nádoby na potrebu a nikto nesmel ísť von. Ak niekto predsa vyšiel, z niektorej z veží spustili paľbu z guľometov. Osobné kontroly – filcungy boli na dennom poriadku.“
“Just like fascism, also communism should disappear from the entire world. People should live like people.”
Emil Lábus was born on April 23, 1932 in Spišská Belá. His father, who was a bricklayer, was a German by birth and his mother came from Slovakia. The family inherited a small homestead from his mother’s father. When he was only eighteen years old, the State Security arrested him for the distribution of leaflets encouraging people not to vote the Communist Party. He was tried together with another fifteen defendants and four of them were supposed to be sentenced to death. Emil was finally sentenced to five years of imprisonment for the high treason and they sent him to the forced labour camp in Jáchymov. He had a work injury in the camp, so he got to the prison hospital where he met a doctor of Jewish origin, Professor Koch. He was released from the prison in 1956. When Emil Lábus was in custody and later in prison, he had to face cruel interrogation and battering, though he was only a young boy at that time. He still has painful memories of this period of life.
“We went to distribute the leaflets and we intended to do so in Levoča. However, they caught Lucián Neupauer. The State Security came and detained him. We both went back to the house and we were detained on Saturday. It was on November 5.” “What kind of leaflets did you distribute? Where did you get them?” “We had printed them by ourselves; actually I wasn’t there at that time. Other people had done it. And we offered to distribute them.” “What was written there on those leaflets?” “Brothers Slovaks…I can’t recall word by word now.” “Was it a kind of appeal for something?” “Of course, it was an appeal for not voting the communism.” “Who encouraged you to do it?” “Who encouraged us? Nobody had to.”
“We were tried on June 12, 1951. When they read the accusation, the prosecutor filed a motion to impose the strictest sentence, the death penalty, on Bohumil Jakubjak, Lucián Neupauer, Alojz Lenkavský and Peter Drozd. Presiding judge Tratnerová insisted on the death penalty but the legal expert, who was observing there, was given the floor and said: ‘Oh people, what are you doing here? They are just kids and you want to sentence them to death!’ He was the only man who stood up for us.”
“There were two, three or four men who interrogated us; they battered us black and blue, I can’t even express it.” “What kind of methods did they use?” “When they opened a wardrobe, you know, there was everything from the small whip to… and they battered and battered…” “What did your cellmates say? How did they beat them?” “Oh, it is, it was always different.” “And what about the testimonies?” “They investigated me on one day, I knew nothing else. I only woke up… and I was absolutely soaked through. Don’t ask me more about it…”
“Men from Moravia were usually on guard but they were also present on the mass. We were watching out. Once when I was working in the afternoon shift, they had the mass in Svätopluk. It was mischance that the campfire, it was the nickname for kapo, heard it. The same day they sent our priest away. Actually, they abducted him in the same evening. We didn’t know where. We didn’t know. In the morning when I was there to have a wash, the kapo walked around, I didn’t know whether he was snooping there or not. I slapped him so strongly that he fell down. I couldn’t remember how long he wasn’t there then, but it was surely about three or four days. He said he was beaten. Slovaks knocked him down.”
“I had an injury there because we used to move it in some nailed boxes. We put boxes down and moved it and they concreted there around the building site. And the most probably that mould broke off and as the lift and crane pulled it up, it pushed me somewhere and I hit my head. Nothing else happened to me, only my head was fractured thrice. Look here, it was twelve centimetres long. And fortunately I am still here.” “Did they take you to the military hospital?” “It wasn’t a military hospital, it was a prison hospital indeed and there was Professor Koch. He was a man who experienced various things during the Slovak State because he was a Jew. They took Jews during the Slovak State and he was taken as well. He was a very good man. Later they discharged me from the hospital and I was paroled. They granted my and my mother’s request and moved me to the hospital in Karlové Vary. I called my parents and they had to come to take me home. My mother, father and me as well, we all had to sign that I was discharged on my own request, and then I went home to Belá.”
“In the camp Rovnosť, prisoners had to make a kind of draft to ensure circulation in the shaft and once something happened there. They had last two or three meters to blast and they would be on the surface. Paleček, who was a commander of the camp, took automatic and started to fire to the places where prisoners stayed. It was said that he had shot somebody to death. I didn’t know.” “Did sometimes happen that men who led the prisoners out wanted to get rid of them and shot them?” “Yes, members of the National Security Corps bragged: ‘I take a prisoner or two for a walk. And I come back alone.’” “Can you recall any case of this kind?” “Oh, I don’t know exactly. However, I had a friend who slept in my cell and he told me that Paleček had done it.”
“Just like fascism, also communism should disappear from the entire world. People should live like people.”
Emil Lábus was born on April 23, 1932 in Spišská Belá. His father, who was a bricklayer, was a German by birth and his mother came from Slovakia. The family inherited a small homestead from his mother’s father. When he was only eighteen years old, the State Security arrested him for the distribution of leaflets encouraging people not to vote the Communist Party. He was tried together with another fifteen defendants and four of them were supposed to be sentenced to death. Emil was finally sentenced to five years of imprisonment for the high treason and they sent him to the forced labour camp in Jáchymov. He had a work injury in the camp, so he got to the prison hospital where he met a doctor of Jewish origin, Professor Koch. He was released from the prison in 1956. When Emil Lábus was in custody and later in prison, he had to face cruel interrogation and battering, though he was only a young boy at that time. He still has painful memories of this period of life.
Distribution of Anti-communist Leaflets
“We went to distribute the leaflets and we intended to do so in Levoča. However, they caught Lucián Neupauer. The State Security came and detained him. We both went back to the house and we were detained on Saturday. It was on November 5.” “What kind of leaflets did you distribute? Where did you get them?” “We had printed them by ourselves; actually I wasn’t there at that time. Other people had done it. And we offered to distribute them.” “What was written there on those leaflets?” “Brothers Slovaks…I can’t recall word by word now.” “Was it a kind of appeal for something?” “Of course, it was an appeal for not voting the communism.” “Who encouraged you to do it?” “Who encouraged us? Nobody had to.”
Motion to Death Penalty
“We were tried on June 12, 1951. When they read the accusation, the prosecutor filed a motion to impose the strictest sentence, the death penalty, on Bohumil Jakubjak, Lucián Neupauer, Alojz Lenkavský and Peter Drozd. Presiding judge Tratnerová insisted on the death penalty but the legal expert, who was observing there, was given the floor and said: ‘Oh people, what are you doing here? They are just kids and you want to sentence them to death!’ He was the only man who stood up for us.”
Interrogation and Beating
“There were two, three or four men who interrogated us; they battered us black and blue, I can’t even express it.” “What kind of methods did they use?” “When they opened a wardrobe, you know, there was everything from the small whip to… and they battered and battered…” “What did your cellmates say? How did they beat them?” “Oh, it is, it was always different.” “And what about the testimonies?” “They investigated me on one day, I knew nothing else. I only woke up… and I was absolutely soaked through. Don’t ask me more about it…”
Holy Mass in the Camp and Slapping a Warder
“Men from Moravia were usually on guard but they were also present on the mass. We were watching out. Once when I was working in the afternoon shift, they had the mass in Svätopluk. It was mischance that the campfire, it was the nickname for kapo, heard it. The same day they sent our priest away. Actually, they abducted him in the same evening. We didn’t know where. We didn’t know. In the morning when I was there to have a wash, the kapo walked around, I didn’t know whether he was snooping there or not. I slapped him so strongly that he fell down. I couldn’t remember how long he wasn’t there then, but it was surely about three or four days. He said he was beaten. Slovaks knocked him down.”
Injury, Stay in Hospital and Release
“I had an injury there because we used to move it in some nailed boxes. We put boxes down and moved it and they concreted there around the building site. And the most probably that mould broke off and as the lift and crane pulled it up, it pushed me somewhere and I hit my head. Nothing else happened to me, only my head was fractured thrice. Look here, it was twelve centimetres long. And fortunately I am still here.” “Did they take you to the military hospital?” “It wasn’t a military hospital, it was a prison hospital indeed and there was Professor Koch. He was a man who experienced various things during the Slovak State because he was a Jew. They took Jews during the Slovak State and he was taken as well. He was a very good man. Later they discharged me from the hospital and I was paroled. They granted my and my mother’s request and moved me to the hospital in Karlové Vary. I called my parents and they had to come to take me home. My mother, father and me as well, we all had to sign that I was discharged on my own request, and then I went home to Belá.”
Getting Rid of Prisoners in the Camp
“In the camp Rovnosť, prisoners had to make a kind of draft to ensure circulation in the shaft and once something happened there. They had last two or three meters to blast and they would be on the surface. Paleček, who was a commander of the camp, took automatic and started to fire to the places where prisoners stayed. It was said that he had shot somebody to death. I didn’t know.” “Did sometimes happen that men who led the prisoners out wanted to get rid of them and shot them?” “Yes, members of the National Security Corps bragged: ‘I take a prisoner or two for a walk. And I come back alone.’” “Can you recall any case of this kind?” “Oh, I don’t know exactly. However, I had a friend who slept in my cell and he told me that Paleček had done it.”
Emil bol v lágri viac ako šesť rokov. Zavalil ho tam pri práci ťažký veľký panel. Prežil len vďaka tomu, že spadol do diery vykopanej pod ním inak by bol pravdepodobne mŕtvy. Zranenia boli tak vážne, že ho museli prepustiť na slobodu. Život mu zachránil jeho spoluväzeň, ktorý bol lekárom. To a omnoho viac si vytrpel Emil a rodina nielen kvôli Emilovmu väzeniu. Emil Labus bol členom organizácie Politických väzňov. Je zarážajúce, že na tieto obete dnes nikto z predstaviteľov štátu nemyslí a úmyselne sa na ne zabúda. Miesto pomoci obetiam komunizmu má minister Lipšic odvahu neposkytnúť združeniu dotáciu. Človek, ktorý má plnú hubu demokracie a spravodlivosti úmyselne ubližuje obetiam komunizmu. Miesto toho ho trápia amnestie Vladimíra Mečiara ale amnestie udelené Michalom Kováčom ho vôbec nehnevajú. Pritom ide o obzvlášť závažnú trestnú činnosť, ktorá sa vďaka protiprávnej amnestii na prezidentovho syna nemôže riešiť. Celá kauza Technopol je dodnes zahalená rúškom tajomstva a tak by bolo potrebné niektoré veci ozrejmiť. Hovorcovi ministra vnútra som koncom novembra odovzdal dokumenty týkajúce sa našej rodinnej kauzy a takisto kauzy Technopol. Miesto pomoci som sa však dočkal prenasledovania v štýle ŠTB a GESTAPA. Presne podľa komunistických praktík zo mňa urobili podriadení ministra nepriateľa režimu ( za totality by som bol kolaborant, dnes tomu vravia extrémista ) a vysoko záujmovú osobu. Nedivil by som sa ak by tak bolo keby som pral špinavé peniaze tak ako to robí Miško Kováč s našim dedičstvom. Presne ako komunisti prenasledovali nebohého Emila, prezlečení demokrati pod rúškom bezprávia dnes prenasledujú mňa. V niektorej z ďalších častí zverejním uznesenia, ktoré potvrdzujú to, že podriadení pána Lipšica majú eminentný záujem sa mojej osoby zbaviť.
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| Emil Labus |
